How has this year’s drought affected farming?

With this year’s drought having a real impact on agriculture across large parts of the country, Senior Environment Manager Alice Sin looks at what this means for farmers.

While weather has always influenced farming, this year’s exceptionally dry summer has highlighted just how vulnerable agricultural businesses can be to climate extremes and the need to plan for them.

From crop production and livestock management to fire prevention and disease risks, many farmers are feeling the effects of the drought first-hand.

Let’s look at some of the issues facing farmers and what it means.

Early harvest and low yields

One of the most visible impacts has been the pace of harvest. Warm temperatures and a lack of rainfall have accelerated crop development, with some farmers completing harvesting already. Our first harvest report of the season found the hot, dry weather has resulted in the earliest harvest since our records began in 2006.

Many growers are reporting significant variation in yields, both across regions and soil type. While some crops have performed reasonably well, others struggled due to prolonged moisture stress during key growth stages.

Potential straw shortages

Shorter cereal crops may result in less straw being available this season, raising concerns about supply later in the year.

Livestock producers, particularly those who rely on straw for bedding, may need to assess their requirements early and consider securing supplies early or exploring alternative options.

Forage supplies under strain

Grass growth has slowed dramatically in many areas, with some pastures stopping growth altogether.

As a result, some livestock farmers have already started feeding forage normally reserved for winter, raising concerns about feed availability later in the year.

With more hay and less silage being produced in some areas, the nutritional quality of available forage will need to be a consideration for winter livestock diets.

Increased fire risk during harvest

Another challenge emerging from the dry conditions is the increased risk of fires.

Farmers across affected areas have reported an increase in machinery and crop fires during harvesting as crops, stubbles and field margins have become exceptionally dry.

Regular machinery maintenance, removing dust and debris, carrying firefighting equipment and having emergency plans in place can all help reduce risk of fire.

Heat stress in livestock

The prolonged heat is also affecting animal welfare. Dairy cattle, in particular, can be vulnerable to heat stress, which can reduce feed intake, impact fertility and lower milk production.

Providing adequate shade, ventilation and access to clean drinking water remains essential during periods of hot weather.

Bluetongue risk remains high

Warm temperatures have also created favourable conditions for the midges that spread bluetongue virus. Cases continue to rise, particularly in southwest England, and outbreaks remain a concern across Great Britain.

Farmers are encouraged to speak to their vet about vaccination to protect their animals, and stay informed about the latest guidance and advice. Vigilance and prompt reporting of suspected cases is vital to stopping the disease.

Planning for the future

While the immediate focus is on managing this season's challenges, this summer serves as a reminder that weather extremes are becoming a more frequent feature of farming.

Whether dealing with drought, flooding, heatwaves or disease and pest pressures, building resilience is increasingly important for long-term business success.

By understanding risks, planning ahead and taking practical steps to prepare for a changing climate, farmers can put themselves in a stronger position to cope with whatever conditions future seasons may bring.

Our Climate resilience on-farm action planner helps farmers identify climate-related risks, assess vulnerabilities and develop practical action plans for their businesses.