Micronutrients and animal health benefits of multispecies swards

Multispecies swards not only supply energy and protein but also enhance livestock health through a rich array of micronutrients and bioactive compounds. These diverse forages can reduce reliance on chemical inputs and support sustainable livestock production. 

Certain herbs within multispecies swards, notably chicory and sainfoin, contain bioactive compounds with natural anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) properties. 

Chicory is rich in sesquiterpene lactones, compounds shown to reduce gastrointestinal parasite burdens in ruminants. Chicory-rich diets can lower faecal egg counts and improve animal performance, offering a natural alternative or complement to chemical anthelmintics.  

Sainfoin contains condensed tannins, which have been associated with reduced parasite loads and improved protein utilisation in grazing animals. 

Multispecies swards often have a broader and more balanced micronutrient profile compared to monoculture pastures, which improves livestock health. 

Herbs like plantain and yarrow are particularly high in essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and various trace elements, supporting metabolic and immune functions.  

Many species within diverse swards contribute valuable vitamins and secondary plant compounds.

Vitamins such as A, D, E and B-complex, commonly found in legumes and herbs, are essential for vision, immune defence, reproduction and energy metabolism. 

Phytochemicals like tannins, flavonoids, and saponins present in herbs such as sainfoin, chicory, plantain and yarrow offer: 

• Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects 
• Antioxidant properties that help reduce oxidative stress 
• Positive impacts on rumen function and protein utilisation 

Collectively, these components enhance animal well-being, reduce disease risk, and may decrease the need for synthetic supplements or medications. 

Incorporating the below species into swards can enhance forage quality and support livestock health, contributing to more sustainable and productive farming systems: 

• White clover – high in crude protein and rich in calcium and magnesium, essential for bone health and metabolic functions 
• Red clover – provides high protein levels and contains isoflavones that can improve reproductive health 
• Lucerne (Alfalfa) – one of the highest-protein forage crops, rich in vitamins A, E and K, as well as calcium, potassium and iron 
• Chicory – deep-rooted, so can access minerals like zinc and potassium; contains vitamins C and K and is rich in sesquiterpene lactones 
• Ribwort plantain – high in calcium and magnesium; contains aucubin, an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory properties 
• Birdsfoot trefoil – offers good protein content; contains condensed tannins that improve protein utilisation and reduce bloat