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Beef: cost of production benchmarks
The following from the AHDB benchmarking programmes gives technical and financial results for various beef production systems
The information shows top, average and bottom performing farms, with the farms in each percentile identified by ranking on full economic net margin.
Financial KPIs are the most important as they are linked to all other KPIs. The cost of producing a kg of beef is key to comparing any farm's ability to compete with another farm.
Techinical KPIs enable farms to look at the detail behind financial achievement.
Each farm must budget and plan for what is best for their own circumstances, resources and the market/s they are aiming for.
It is very important to decide on your production system and what stage your animals are growing. The expected DLWG for beef growing (stores) stage will be lower than for the beef finishing stages. Please note that the figures given below are for the overall performance of animals in these systems and can be a combination of growing and finishing, that is why it is very important to set your own targets and regularly weigh your cattle to monitor their progress.
If you wish to calculate your own cost of production and KPIs you can use AHDB's benchmarking tool - Farmbench.
This can be found under the Tools section of the AHDB website.
AHDB Farmbench https://ahdb.org.uk/farmbench
Stores (Stocktake 2016)
(£ per head output) | (£ per lwt kg output) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial Performance (£ per head output) | Bottom Third | Average | Top Third | Bottom Third | Average | Top Third | |
Number of herds in sample | 15 | 45 | 15 | 15 | 45 | 15 | |
Average head of output | 33 | 53 | 67 | 33 | 53 | 67 | |
Cattle output | 900.47 | 927.85 | 987.27 | 2.06 | 1.94 | 1.96 | |
Other income | 3.55 | 3.28 | 5.99 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Gross Output | 904.02 | 931.13 | 993.26 | 2.07 | 1.95 | 1.97 | |
Purchase costs | 666.98 | 593.67 | 558.60 | 1.52 | 1.24 | 1.11 | |
Output less purchase costs | 237.04 | 337.46 | 434.66 | 0.54 | 0.71 | 0.86 | |
Variable Costs | |||||||
Purchased feed including minerals | 107.30 | 66.35 | 50.65 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.10 | |
Home-grown feed | 15.78 | 11.53 | 8.17 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Purchased forage | 1.61 | 9.69 | 19.91 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
Home-grown forage (excludes contract) | 13.38 | 18.51 | 19.25 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
Total feed and forage | 138.06 | 106.07 | 97.98 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.19 | |
Vet and medicine | 12.12 | 9.88 | 9.94 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Bedding | 22.60 | 29.14 | 34.53 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | |
Other livestock expenses | 26.89 | 22.02 | 24.47 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Total variable costs | 199.66 | 167.11 | 166.92 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 0.33 | |
Gross Margin | 37.38 | 170.35 | 267.74 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.53 | |
Fixed Costs | |||||||
Labour - paid | 15.93 | 21.38 | 24.53 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Machinery repairs and spares | 24.44 | 14.02 | 9.01 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
Contracting | 12.77 | 12.73 | 13.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Electricity | 3.31 | 1.78 | 1.53 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Fuel | 22.60 | 14.10 | 11.23 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
Property maintenance and water | 11.50 | 14.22 | 11.21 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
Land Rent (Actual) | 20.87 | 24.03 | 19.85 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
Overheads | 47.03 | 33.07 | 23.86 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.05 | |
Cash Only fixed costs | 158.44 | 135.34 | 114.27 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.23 | |
Cash Only Cost of Production | 1025.08 | 896.12 | 839.78 | 2.34 | 1.88 | 1.66 | |
Cash Only Net Margin | -121.06 | 35.01 | 153.47 | -0.28 | 0.07 | 0.30 | |
Depreciation | 84.48 | 49.95 | 44.04 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.09 | |
Finance costs (Imputed) | 22.53 | 18.91 | 20.32 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
Labour - unpaid (Imputed) | 54.76 | 35.38 | 27.29 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | |
Land Rent (Imputed) | 16.40 | 18.13 | 19.85 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
Non-Cash fixed costs | 178.17 | 122.36 | 111.50 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 0.22 | |
Full Investment fixed costs | 336.61 | 257.70 | 225.77 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.45 | |
Full Investment Cost of Production (inc purchase costs) | 1203.25 | 1018.48 | 951.28 | 2.75 | 2.13 | 1.89 | |
Full Investment Net Margin | -299.23 | -87.35 | 41.97 | -0.68 | -0.18 | 0.08 | |
Physical Performance | |||||||
Mortality % | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||
Average age at start (days) | 229 | 220 | 210 | ||||
Average age at sale (days) | 462 | 465 | 500 | ||||
Feeding period (days) | 233 | 245 | 289 | ||||
Average liveweight at start (kg) | 299 | 287 | 278 | ||||
Average liveweight at sale (kg) | 438 | 477 | 505 | ||||
Daily liveweight gain (kg per day) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||
Purchase value per head (£) | 664 | 592 | 558 | ||||
Return per head finished (£) | 894 | 1098 | 1132 | ||||
Return per head store (£) | 901 | 914 | 979 | ||||
Purchase price (£ per kg lwt) | 2.24 | 2.08 | 2.04 | ||||
Liveweight sale price all animals (£ per kg lwt) | 2.07 | 1.97 | 1.97 | ||||
Finished (%) | 3 | 8 | 5 | ||||
Store (%) | 97 | 92 | 95 | ||||
Output heifers (%) | 38 | 47 | 46 | ||||
Output steers (%) | 40 | 44 | 54 | ||||
Output bulls (%) | 22 | 9 | 0 | ||||
Total FW concentrate use (kg per head) | 642 | 593 | 703 | ||||
Total DM concentrate use (kg per head) | 555 | 365 | 313 | ||||
Average concentrate cost (£ per tonne) | 185 | 153 | 126 | ||||
Total FW forage (kg per head) | 2954 | 2787 | 3062 | ||||
Total DM forage (Kg per head) | 826 | 875 | 850 | ||||
Number of full grazing weeks | 10 | 16 | 24 | ||||
Stocking rate (LU per ha) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | ||||
Inorganic nitrogen use (kg per ha) | 59 | 52 | 63 | ||||
Labour use - paid hours per head | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | ||||
Labour use - unpaid hours per head | 6.0 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Under 16 months (Stocktake 2016)
(£ per head output) | (£ per dwt kg output) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial Performance (£ per head output) | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | |
Number of herds in sample | 9 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 9 | |
Average head of output | 48 | 57 | 67 | 48 | 57 | 67 | |
Cattle output | 1151.47 | 1171.00 | 1184.21 | 3.41 | 3.27 | 3.16 | |
Other income | 30.19 | 16.89 | 7.90 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Gross Output | 1181.67 | 1187.90 | 1192.11 | 3.50 | 3.32 | 3.19 | |
Purchase costs | 676.05 | 691.05 | 701.20 | 2.00 | 1.93 | 1.87 | |
Output less purchase costs | 505.62 | 496.84 | 490.91 | 1.50 | 1.39 | 1.31 | |
Variable Costs | |||||||
Purchased feed including minerals | 200.63 | 189.03 | 181.19 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.48 | |
Home-grown feed | 182.13 | 85.41 | 20.01 | 0.54 | 0.24 | 0.05 | |
Purchased forage | 0.00 | 1.91 | 3.21 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Home-grown forage (excludes contract) | 15.92 | 14.03 | 12.76 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
Total feed and forage | 398.67 | 290.39 | 217.17 | 1.18 | 0.81 | 0.58 | |
Vet and medicine | 18.57 | 17.47 | 16.72 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
Bedding | 51.58 | 38.45 | 29.57 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |
Other livestock expenses | 42.93 | 37.64 | 34.06 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | |
Total variable costs | 511.76 | 383.94 | 297.51 | 1.52 | 1.07 | 0.79 | |
Gross Margin | -6.14 | 112.91 | 193.40 | -0.02 | 0.32 | 0.52 | |
Fixed Costs | |||||||
Labour - paid | 61.04 | 56.00 | 52.59 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.14 | |
Machinery repairs and spares | 11.38 | 8.84 | 7.12 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Contracting | 9.70 | 7.94 | 6.76 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Electricity | 2.53 | 1.91 | 1.49 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | |
Fuel | 16.33 | 12.48 | 9.88 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Property maintenance and water | 20.54 | 19.22 | 18.33 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Lant Rent (Actual) | 4.30 | 4.29 | 3.98 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Overheads | 28.43 | 29.65 | 30.47 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
Cash Only fixed costs | 154.24 | 140.33 | 130.62 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.35 | |
Cash Only Cost of Production | 1342.05 | 1215.32 | 1129.33 | 3.98 | 3.39 | 3.02 | |
Cash Only Net Margin | -160.38 | -27.42 | 62.78 | -0.48 | -0.08 | 0.17 | |
Depreciation | 40.48 | 45.59 | 49.04 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
Finance costs (Imputed) | 20.43 | 18.42 | 17.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Labour - unpaid (Imputed) | 32.99 | 19.98 | 11.19 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.03 | |
Land Rent (Imputed) | 7.64 | 5.93 | 5.07 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Non-Cash fixed costs | 101.53 | 89.92 | 82.38 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.22 | |
Full Investment fixed costs | 255.78 | 230.25 | 213.00 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.57 | |
Full Investment Cost of Production (inc purchase costs) | 1443.58 | 1305.25 | 1211.71 | 4.28 | 3.65 | 3.24 | |
Full Investment Net Margin | -261.91 | -117.35 | -19.60 | -0.78 | -0.33 | -0.05 | |
Physical Performance | |||||||
Mortality % | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||||
Average age at start (days) | 223 | 228 | 232 | ||||
Average age at sale (days) | 440 | 436 | 432 | ||||
Feeding period (days) | 217 | 207 | 200 | ||||
Average liveweight at start (kg) | 334 | 329 | 327 | ||||
Average liveweight at sale (kg) | 614 | 624 | 631 | ||||
Daily liveweight gain (kg per day) | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | ||||
Average carcase weight (kg) | 337 | 358 | 374 | ||||
Purchase value per head (£) | 667 | 681 | 691 | ||||
Return per head finished (£) | 1151 | 1194 | 1227 | ||||
Return per head store (£) | n.a | 917 | 917 | ||||
Purchase price (£ per kg lwt) | 1.98 | 2.04 | 2.09 | ||||
Liveweight sale price all animals (£ per kg lwt) | 1.88 | 1.88 | 1.88 | ||||
Liveweight sale price: finished cattle (£ per kg lwt) | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.84 | ||||
Deadweight sale price : finished cattle (£ per kg dwt) | 3.43 | 3.35 | 3.28 | ||||
Finished (%) | 100 | 92 | 86 | ||||
Store (%) | 0 | 8 | 14 | ||||
Output heifers (%) | 27 | 20 | 16 | ||||
Output steers (%) | 10 | 5 | 2 | ||||
Output bulls (%) | 62 | 74 | 82 | ||||
Total FW concentrate use (kg per head) | 2770 | 1919 | 1344 | ||||
Total DM concentrate use (kg per head) | 2035 | 1432 | 1025 | ||||
Average concentrate cost (£ per tonne) | 151 | 152 | 153 | ||||
Total FW forage (kg per head) | 938 | 1770 | 2333 | ||||
Total DM forage (Kg per head) | 289 | 524 | 684 | ||||
Number of full grazing weeks | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||||
Stocking rate (LU per ha) | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | ||||
Inorganic nitrogen use (kg per ha) | 112 | 111 | 110 | ||||
Labour use - paid hours per head | 6.3 | 4.7 | 3.6 | ||||
Labour use - unpaid hours per head | 3.1 | 1.8 | 0.9 |
Over 16 months (Stocktake 2016)
(£ per head output) | (£ per dwt kg output) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial Performance (£ per head output) | Bottom Third | Average | Top Third | Bottom Third | Average | Top Third | |
Number of herds in sample | 23 | 71 | 23 | 23 | 71 | 23 | |
Average head of output | 57 | 126 | 77 | 57 | 126 | 77 | |
Cattle output | 1180.88 | 1117.83 | 1290.73 | 3.60 | 3.31 | 3.94 | |
Other income | 19.57 | 7.45 | 16.21 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | |
Gross Output | 1200.45 | 1125.27 | 1306.94 | 3.66 | 3.34 | 3.99 | |
Purchase costs | 609.18 | 560.56 | 431.03 | 1.86 | 1.66 | 1.32 | |
Output less purchase costs | 591.28 | 564.71 | 875.91 | 1.80 | 1.67 | 2.67 | |
Variable Costs | |||||||
Purchased feed including minerals | 126.12 | 129.83 | 76.15 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.23 | |
Home-grown feed | 105.26 | 33.74 | 32.98 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
Purchased forage | 10.56 | 16.92 | 7.66 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Home-grown forage (excludes contract) | 35.60 | 27.45 | 53.39 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.16 | |
Total feed and forage | 277.54 | 207.94 | 170.19 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.52 | |
Vet and medicine | 19.59 | 9.85 | 13.32 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
Bedding | 42.42 | 24.59 | 33.04 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.10 | |
Other livestock expenses | 36.63 | 40.48 | 33.05 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.10 | |
Total variable costs | 376.18 | 282.87 | 249.59 | 1.15 | 0.84 | 0.76 | |
Gross Margin | 215.10 | 281.84 | 626.32 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 1.91 | |
Fixed Costs | |||||||
Labour - paid | 72.28 | 53.09 | 53.04 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
Machinery repairs and spares | 27.30 | 22.72 | 31.86 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.10 | |
Contracting | 32.70 | 26.21 | 76.94 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.23 | |
Electricity | 2.79 | 3.24 | 3.58 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Fuel | 26.87 | 25.10 | 27.97 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |
Property maintenance and water | 26.25 | 14.48 | 24.76 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.08 | |
Land Rent (Actual) | 29.66 | 21.39 | 43.62 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.13 | |
Overheads | 53.72 | 29.78 | 32.63 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.10 | |
Cash Only fixed costs | 271.57 | 196.00 | 294.40 | 0.83 | 0.58 | 0.90 | |
Cash Only Cost of Production | 1256.93 | 1039.44 | 975.02 | 3.83 | 3.08 | 2.98 | |
Cash Only Net Margin | -56.47 | 85.84 | 331.92 | -0.17 | 0.25 | 1.01 | |
Depreciation | 120.23 | 58.70 | 64.75 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |
Finance costs (Imputed) | 32.27 | 25.16 | 38.79 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.12 | |
Labour - unpaid (Imputed) | 59.70 | 34.61 | 49.45 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.15 | |
Land Rent (Imputed) | 69.21 | 20.55 | 37.16 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.11 | |
Non-Cash fixed costs | 281.41 | 139.03 | 190.15 | 0.86 | 0.41 | 0.58 | |
Full Investment fixed costs | 552.98 | 335.03 | 484.55 | 1.68 | 0.99 | 1.48 | |
Full Investment Cost of Production (inc purchase costs) | 1538.33 | 1178.47 | 1165.17 | 4.69 | 3.49 | 3.56 | |
Full Investment Net Margin | -337.88 | -53.19 | 141.77 | -1.03 | -0.16 | 0.43 | |
Physical Performance | |||||||
Mortality % | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.2 | ||||
Average age at start (days) | 225 | 384 | 150 | ||||
Average age at sale (days) | 656 | 710 | 649 | ||||
Feeding period (days) | 432 | 326 | 499 | ||||
Average liveweight at start (kg) | 258 | 320 | 188 | ||||
Average liveweight at sale (kg) | 601 | 624 | 603 | ||||
Daily liveweight gain (kg per day) | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | ||||
Average carcase weight (kg) | 328 | 337 | 328 | ||||
Purchase value per head (£) | 602 | 551 | 422 | ||||
Return per head finished (£) | 1182 | 1118 | 1290 | ||||
Return per head store (£) | 1144 | 1120 | 1334 | ||||
Purchase price (£ per kg lwt) | 2.60 | 1.96 | 2.39 | ||||
Liveweight sale price all animals (£ per kg lwt) | 1.97 | 1.80 | 2.15 | ||||
Liveweight sale price: finished cattle (£ per kg lwt) | 1.95 | 1.80 | 2.14 | ||||
Deadweight sale price : finished cattle (£ per kg dwt) | 3.61 | 3.33 | 3.96 | ||||
Finished (%) | 97 | 98 | 98 | ||||
Store (%) | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Output heifers (%) | 33 | 34 | 26 | ||||
Output steers (%) | 53 | 61 | 71 | ||||
Output bulls (%) | 13 | 5 | 3 | ||||
Total FW concentrate use (kg per head) | 1571 | 2112 | 674 | ||||
Total DM concentrate use (kg per head) | 1052 | 1282 | 545 | ||||
Average concentrate cost (£ per tonne) | 150 | 97 | 157 | ||||
Total FW forage (kg per head) | 5618 | 3360 | 6381 | ||||
Total DM forage (Kg per head) | 1877 | 1118 | 1868 | ||||
Number of full grazing weeks | 24 | 23 | 26 | ||||
Stocking rate (LU per ha) | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | ||||
Inorganic nitrogen use (kg per ha) | 51 | 51 | 26 | ||||
Labour use - paid hours per head | 7.1 | 4.6 | 5.5 | ||||
Labour use - unpaid hours per head | 6.2 | 3.5 | 5.1 |
16 - 24 months (Stocktake 2016)
(£ per head output) | (£ per dwt kg output) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial Performance (£ per head output) | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | |
Number of herds in sample | 24 | 49 | 25 | 24 | 49 | 25 | |
Average head of output | 63 | 77 | 91 | 63 | 77 | 91 | |
Cattle output | 1166.06 | 1190.23 | 1206.49 | 3.53 | 3.60 | 3.65 | |
Other income | 17.10 | 16.94 | 16.97 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Gross Output | 1183.17 | 1207.17 | 1223.46 | 3.58 | 3.65 | 3.70 | |
Purchase costs | 628.01 | 535.60 | 477.20 | 1.90 | 1.62 | 1.44 | |
Output less purchase costs | 555.16 | 671.57 | 746.26 | 1.68 | 2.03 | 2.26 | |
Variable Costs | |||||||
Purchased feed including minerals | 147.77 | 119.94 | 101.08 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.31 | |
Home-grown feed | 89.97 | 60.60 | 43.51 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.13 | |
Purchased forage | 9.65 | 9.31 | 8.98 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
Home-grown forage (excludes contract) | 35.85 | 42.98 | 47.85 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.14 | |
Total feed and forage | 283.23 | 232.84 | 201.41 | 0.86 | 0.70 | 0.61 | |
Vet and medicine | 18.66 | 15.62 | 13.48 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
Bedding | 40.82 | 36.51 | 33.57 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.10 | |
Other livestock expenses | 37.47 | 32.75 | 29.74 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | |
Total variable costs | 380.18 | 317.71 | 278.20 | 1.15 | 0.96 | 0.84 | |
Gross Margin | 174.98 | 353.85 | 468.05 | 0.53 | 1.07 | 1.42 | |
Fixed Costs | |||||||
Labour - paid | 49.58 | 46.81 | 44.50 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | |
Machinery repairs and spares | 21.84 | 23.63 | 24.68 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Contracting | 24.91 | 47.83 | 63.05 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.19 | |
Electricity | 3.07 | 3.03 | 3.10 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Fuel | 26.55 | 25.34 | 24.67 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | |
Property maintenance and water | 20.49 | 23.89 | 26.21 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |
Land Rent (Actual) | 33.89 | 31.02 | 30.74 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | |
Overheads | 44.29 | 37.90 | 33.60 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.10 | |
Cash Only fixed costs | 224.62 | 239.45 | 250.56 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.76 | |
Cash Only Cost of Production | 1232.80 | 1092.77 | 1005.96 | 3.73 | 3.31 | 3.05 | |
Cash Only Net Margin | -49.64 | 114.40 | 217.50 | -0.15 | 0.35 | 0.66 | |
Depreciation | 89.91 | 69.35 | 56.78 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.17 | |
Finance costs (Imputed) | 27.98 | 30.35 | 32.02 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | |
Labour - unpaid (Imputed) | 57.26 | 54.48 | 53.58 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
Land Rent (Imputed) | 36.72 | 27.51 | 22.26 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.07 | |
Non-Cash fixed costs | 211.87 | 181.69 | 164.64 | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.50 | |
Full Investment fixed costs | 436.49 | 421.14 | 415.20 | 1.32 | 1.27 | 1.26 | |
Full Investment Cost of Production (inc purchase costs) | 1444.67 | 1274.46 | 1170.60 | 4.37 | 3.86 | 3.54 | |
Full Investment Net Margin | -261.51 | -67.29 | 52.86 | -0.79 | -0.20 | 0.16 | |
Physical Performance | |||||||
Mortality % | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.1 | ||||
Average age at start (days) | 218 | 188 | 169 | ||||
Average age at sale (days) | 610 | 607 | 603 | ||||
Feeding period (days) | 392 | 419 | 434 | ||||
Average liveweight at start (kg) | 267 | 234 | 214 | ||||
Average liveweight at sale (kg) | 603 | 607 | 609 | ||||
Daily liveweight gain (kg per day) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||
Average carcase weight (kg) | 331 | 331 | 330 | ||||
Purchase value per head (£) | 621 | 527 | 468 | ||||
Return per head finished (£) | 1182 | 1198 | 1209 | ||||
Return per head store (£) | 865 | 961 | 1108 | ||||
Purchase price (£ per kg lwt) | 2.61 | 2.47 | 2.37 | ||||
Liveweight sale price all animals (£ per kg lwt) | 1.94 | 1.97 | 1.99 | ||||
Liveweight sale price: finished cattle (£ per kg lwt) | 1.95 | 1.97 | 1.98 | ||||
Deadweight sale price : finished cattle (£ per kg dwt) | 3.58 | 3.63 | 3.66 | ||||
Finished (%) | 95 | 97 | 98 | ||||
Store (%) | 5 | 3 | 2 | ||||
Output heifers (%) | 35 | 34 | 34 | ||||
Output steers (%) | 52 | 55 | 56 | ||||
Output bulls (%) | 13 | 11 | 10 | ||||
Total FW concentrate use (kg per head) | 1692 | 1301 | 1058 | ||||
Total DM concentrate use (kg per head) | 1129 | 928 | 810 | ||||
Average concentrate cost (£ per tonne) | 146 | 145 | 143 | ||||
Total FW forage (kg per head) | 5474 | 5060 | 5034 | ||||
Total DM forage (Kg per head) | 1812 | 1576 | 1508 | ||||
Number of full grazing weeks | 19 | 19 | 18 | ||||
Stocking rate (LU per ha) | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.2 | ||||
Inorganic nitrogen use (kg per ha) | 61 | 65 | 67 | ||||
Labour use - paid hours per head | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | ||||
Labour use - unpaid hours per head | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
24 months and older (Stocktake 2016)
(£ per head output) | (£ per dwt kg output) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financial Performance (£ per head output) | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | Bottom Half | Average | Top Half | |
Number of herds in sample | 11 | 22 | 11 | 11 | 22 | 11 | |
Average head of output | 59 | 235 | 410 | 59 | 235 | 410 | |
Cattle output | 1177.83 | 1064.60 | 1048.19 | 3.56 | 3.11 | 3.05 | |
Other income | 3.37 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Gross Output | 1181.20 | 1065.02 | 1048.19 | 3.57 | 3.11 | 3.05 | |
Purchase costs | 565.10 | 577.69 | 579.52 | 1.71 | 1.69 | 1.69 | |
Output less purchase costs | 616.10 | 487.33 | 468.68 | 1.86 | 1.42 | 1.36 | |
Variable Costs | |||||||
Purchased feed including minerals | 54.37 | 137.29 | 149.30 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.43 | |
Home-grown feed | 28.23 | 13.02 | 10.82 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
Purchased forage | 3.35 | 22.55 | 25.34 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Home-grown forage (excludes contract) | 100.99 | 15.99 | 3.68 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
Total feed and forage | 186.93 | 188.85 | 189.13 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.55 | |
Vet and medicine | 14.73 | 5.68 | 4.37 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Bedding | 37.30 | 15.89 | 12.79 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
Other livestock expenses | 34.19 | 46.11 | 47.84 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | |
Total variable costs | 273.16 | 256.54 | 254.13 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.74 | |
Gross Margin | 342.94 | 230.79 | 214.55 | 1.04 | 0.67 | 0.62 | |
Fixed Costs | |||||||
Labour - paid | 80.96 | 57.90 | 54.56 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.16 | |
Machinery repairs and spares | 23.29 | 22.10 | 21.93 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
Contracting | 31.22 | 10.31 | 7.28 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
Electricity | 2.12 | 3.35 | 3.53 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Fuel | 25.31 | 24.86 | 24.80 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Property maintenance and water | 33.57 | 7.55 | 3.78 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Land Rent (Actual) | 42.63 | 7.75 | 3.37 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Overheads | 63.43 | 23.87 | 18.14 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.05 | |
Cash Only fixed costs | 302.53 | 157.70 | 137.38 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.40 | |
Cash Only Cost of Production | 1140.79 | 991.92 | 971.03 | 3.45 | 2.90 | 2.82 | |
Cash Only Net Margin | 40.41 | 73.10 | 77.17 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.22 | |
Depreciation | 120.94 | 50.43 | 40.22 | 0.37 | 0.15 | 0.12 | |
Finance costs (Imputed) | 34.16 | 21.31 | 19.45 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
Labour - unpaid (Imputed) | 66.31 | 19.63 | 12.87 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.04 | |
Land Rent (Imputed) | 94.89 | 20.96 | 9.58 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.03 | |
Non-Cash fixed costs | 316.30 | 112.33 | 82.12 | 0.96 | 0.33 | 0.24 | |
Full Investment fixed costs | 618.83 | 270.03 | 219.50 | 1.87 | 0.79 | 0.64 | |
Full Investment Cost of Production (inc purchase costs) | 1457.09 | 1104.26 | 1053.15 | 4.41 | 3.23 | 3.06 | |
Full Investment Net Margin | -275.89 | -39.23 | -4.95 | -0.83 | -0.11 | -0.01 | |
Physical Performance | |||||||
Mortality % | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | ||||
Average age at start (days) | 277 | 528 | 564 | ||||
Average age at sale (days) | 778 | 787 | 788 | ||||
Feeding period (days) | 501 | 259 | 224 | ||||
Average liveweight at start (kg) | 270 | 383 | 399 | ||||
Average liveweight at sale (kg) | 612 | 636 | 640 | ||||
Daily liveweight gain (kg per day) | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
Average carcase weight (kg) | 331 | 342 | 344 | ||||
Purchase value per head (£) | 557 | 567 | 568 | ||||
Return per head finished (£) | 1164 | 1060 | 1046 | ||||
Return per head store (£) | 1352 | 1449 | 1750 | ||||
Purchase price (£ per kg lwt) | 2.44 | 1.58 | 1.46 | ||||
Liveweight sale price all animals (£ per kg lwt) | 1.92 | 1.68 | 1.65 | ||||
Liveweight sale price: finished cattle (£ per kg lwt) | 1.89 | 1.67 | 1.64 | ||||
Deadweight sale price : finished cattle (£ per kg dwt) | 3.52 | 3.11 | 3.06 | ||||
Finished (%) | 93 | 99 | 100 | ||||
Store (%) | 7 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Output heifers (%) | 41 | 34 | 33 | ||||
Output steers (%) | 59 | 66 | 67 | ||||
Output bulls (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Total FW concentrate use (kg per head) | 794 | 2699 | 2975 | ||||
Total DM concentrate use (kg per head) | 462 | 1535 | 1690 | ||||
Average concentrate cost (£ per tonne) | 151 | 81 | 78 | ||||
Total FW forage (kg per head) | 3855 | 2004 | 1736 | ||||
Total DM forage (Kg per head) | 1151 | 743 | 684 | ||||
Number of full grazing weeks | 35 | 32 | 28 | ||||
Stocking rate (LU per ha) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
Inorganic nitrogen use (kg per ha) | 25 | 21 | 16 | ||||
Labour use - paid hours per head | 8.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | ||||
Labour use - unpaid hours per head | 7.1 | 1.9 | 1.1 |